Journal Information
Vol. 14. Issue 5.
Pages 363-370 (September - October 2000)
Vol. 14. Issue 5.
Pages 363-370 (September - October 2000)
Open Access
Factores de riesgo de ingreso hospitalario en mayores de 64 años
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A. Pérez Martín1,
Corresponding author
aperezm@cht.insalud.es

Dr. Pérez Martín. Hospital Geriátrico Virgen del Valle. Crta. Cobisa, s/n. 45071 Toledo.
, F.J. García García1, E. Martín Correa1, L. Romero Rizos1, M.J. Rodríguez Barquero1, I. Echevarría Santamaría1, C. García Colmenero2
1 Sección de Geriatría. Hospital Geriátrico Virgen del Valle. Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo
2 Sección de Información Sanitaria y Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Delegación Provincial de Sanidad de Toledo. Junta de Comunidades de Castilla la Mancha
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Resumen
Objetivo

Determinar los factores asociados al ingreso hospitalario en una muestra representativa de la población mayor de 64 años.

Diseño y participantes

Estudio de cohorte sobre una muestra de 3.214 sujetos representativa de la población de 65 y más años del partido judicial de Toledo (Castilla-La Mancha).

Método

Entrevista personal en el domicilio del sujeto donde se recogen: datos sociodemográficos, carga de enfermedad, situación funcional en actividades de autocuidado e instrumentales, presencia de deterioro cognitivo y trastorno del ánimo, salud autopercibida y utilización previa de recursos sanitarios. Se analiza la presencia de ingreso hospitalario en los 12 meses que siguen a la entrevista en cualquiera de los tres hospitales que atienden el mencionado área.

Resultados

342 (10,6%) de los sujetos ingresaron en una ocasión al menos en el año siguiente a la realización de la entrevista. En el modelo logístico resultaron factores de riesgo de ingreso hospitalario: la edad avanzada (OR: 1,02), el sexo masculino (OR: 1,37), la presencia de cardiopatía (OR: 1,97) o broncopatía (OR: 1,57), el déficit visual incapacitante (OR: 1,88), la pobre salud autopercibida (OR: 1,37), la dependencia en actividades de autocuidado (OR: 1,45) y haber utilizado previamente el hospital (OR: 3,45). La ingesta de alcohol resultó un factor protector (OR: 0,70).

Conclusiones

Las circunstancias asociadas a precisar ingreso hospitalario son multifactoriales. El ingreso anterior es el factor de riesgo de mayor magnitud a la hora de predecir una nueva admisión.

Palabras clave:
Envejecimiento
Hospitalización
Factores de riesgo
Servicios de salud
Summary
Objective

To determine factors associated with hospitalization in a representative sample of population older than 64 years.

Design and participants

Cohort study on a sample of 3,214 representative subjects of the population 65 years and older from the judicial district of Toledo (Spain).

Method

Personal home interview collecting data on: sociodemographic factors, comorbidity, basic and instrumental activities of daily life, congitive decline and depressive disorder, self-rated health and previous use of health services. Hospital discharge in the 12-month period after the interview in anyone of the three hospitals in the stady area were analyzed.

Results

342 (10,6%) of the subjects spent at least one night in the hospital in the year after the accomplishment of the interview. Risk factors for hospitalization in the logistical model were: advanced age (OR: 1,02), male sex (OR: 1,37), presence of cardiopathy (OR: 1,97) or chronic obstruction to airflow (OR: 1,57), visual deficit (OR: 1,88), worse self-rated health (OR: 1,37) and having used the hospital previously (OR: 3,45). Alcohol consumption was a protective factor (OR: 0,70).

Conclusions

Risk factors for hospitalization are of diverse origin. The previous admission is the strongest predicitive factor for new hospitalization.

Key words:
Aged
Hospitalization
Risk factors
Health services
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El presente trabajo se ha realizado con el apoyo de la beca FISS n°. 94/1274 y de la Consejería de Sanidad y Bienestar Social de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla la Mancha n.° 95214.

Copyright © 2000. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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