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March - April 2007 Exposición a contaminantes atmosféricos durante el embarazo y desarrollo prenatal...
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Vol. 21. Issue 2.
Pages 162-171 (March - April 2007)
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Vol. 21. Issue 2.
Pages 162-171 (March - April 2007)
Artículo especial
DOI: 10.1157/13101050
Open Access
Exposición a contaminantes atmosféricos durante el embarazo y desarrollo prenatal y neonatal: protocolo de investigación en el proyecto INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente)
Air pollutant exposure during pregnancy and fetal and early childhood development. Research protocol of the INMA [Childhood and Environment Project]
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Ana Espluguesa,b, Rosalía Fernández-Patierc, Inma Aguilerad, Carmen Iñígueza, Saúl García Dos Santosc, Amelia Aguirre Alfaroc, Marina Lacasañab, Marisa Estarlicha,b, Joan O. Grimalte, Marieta Fernándezf, Marisa Rebagliatog, María Salah, Adonina Tardóni, Maties Torrentj, María Dolores Martínezk, Núria Ribas-Fitód, Jordi Sunyerd, Ferran Ballestera,
Corresponding author
ballester_fer@gva.es

Correspondencia: Dr. Ferran Ballester Díez. Escola Valenciana d’Estudis en Salut. Joan de Garay, 21. 46017 València. España.
a Escola Valenciana d’Estudis en Salut (EVES), Valencia, España
b Hospital Universitari La Fe, Valencia, España
c Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental, Madrid, España
d Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, España
e Institut d’Investigacions Químiques i Ambientals, CSIC, Barcelona, España
f Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
g Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, España
h Ajuntament de Sabadell, Barcelona, España
i niversidad de Oviedo, Asturias, España
j Àrea de Salut de Menorca, Islas Baleares, España
k Subdirección de Salud Pública de Guipúzcoa, España
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Resumen
Introducción

El proyecto INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) es una red de investigación cooperativa que tiene como objetivos estudiar los efectos del medio ambiente y la dieta en el desarrollo fetal e infantil. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el protocolo de exposición a contaminantes atmosféricos durante el embarazo y desarrollo prenatal y neonatal en el proyecto INMA.

Métodos

La información para la evaluación de la exposición a contaminación atmosférica durante el embarazo se basa en mediciones de contaminantes atmosféricos en el exterior (dióxido de nitrógeno [NO2], compuestos orgánicos volátiles [COV], ozono, partículas [PM10, PM2,5] y su composición [hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos]), medición de contaminantes de exposición individual (en el interior de la vivienda y captadores personales [COV y NO2]), determinación de un marcador biológico de exposición a hidrocarburos (1-hidroxipireno), en información recogida mediante cuestionarios y en la utilización de sistemas de información geográfica. Esta información permite elaborar índices de exposición individual a contaminación atmosférica con los que analizar su posible relación con el desarrollo fetal y la salud del recién nacido.

Discusión

El protocolo que se presenta y el tipo de estudio permiten obtener una aproximación a la exposición individual a contaminantes atmosféricos. Por último, el elevado número de participantes (n=4.000), así como la heterogeneidad de las características ambientales y sociodemográficas, acrecienta el potencial del estudio.

Palabras clave:
Contaminación atmosférica
Embarazo
Infancia
Abstract
Introduction

The INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente [Spanish for Environment and Childhood]) project is a cooperative research network. This project aims to study the effects of environment and diet on fetal and early childhood development. This article aims to present the air pollutant exposure protocol during pregnancy and fetal and early childhood development of the INMA project.

Methods

The information to assess air pollutant exposure during pregnancy is based on outdoor measurement of air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide [NO2], volatile organic compounds [VOC], ozone, particulate matter [PM10, PM2,5] and of their composition [polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]); measurement of indoor and personal exposure (VOC and NO2); urinary measurement of a biological marker of hydrocarbon exposure (1-hydroxypyrene); and data gathered by questionnaires and geographic information systems. These data allow individual air pollutant exposure indexes to be developed, which can then be used to analyze the possible effects of exposure on fetal development and child health.

Conclusion

This protocol and the type of study allow an approximation to individual air pollutant exposure to be obtained. Finally, the large number of participants (N=4,000), as well as their geographic and social diversity, increases the study's potential.

Key words:
Air pollution
Pregnancy
Childhood
Fetal development
Cohort study
INMA
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