Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) consumption as a nutrition source for mild anemia
Resti Dona Saputria,
, Andi Nilawati Usmana, Yuyun Widaningsihb, Nurhaedar Jafarc, Mardiana Ahmada, Sri Ramadhanid, Andi Dirpane
Corresponding author
a Department of Midwifery, Graduate School of Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
b Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
c Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
d Department of Community Medicine, Medicine Faculty of Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
e Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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1 => "pmc@agri.unhas.ac.id" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Andi Nilawati" "apellidos" => "Usman" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Yuyun" "apellidos" => "Widaningsih" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Nurhaedar" "apellidos" => "Jafar" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Mardiana" "apellidos" => "Ahmad" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Sri" "apellidos" => "Ramadhani" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Andi" "apellidos" => "Dirpan" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Midwifery, Graduate School of Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Community Medicine, Medicine Faculty of Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anemia is a state of an insufficient number of red blood cells to meet the body's physiological needs. Anemia is caused by iron deficiency in general. However, several things can cause anemia, including malnutrition (including folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin A), acute and chronic inflammation, parasitic infections, and congenital or acquired abnormalities that affect the synthesis of hemoglobin and red blood cell production, or survival of red blood cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pregnancy is the most awaited period because it determines the quality of human resources that determines children's growth in the future. One of the factors that affect the health of the mother and fetus is the nutrients consumed by the mother during pregnancy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In pregnant women, anemia is a condition of red blood cells or hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the blood that have decreased, due to which the capacity of oxygen-carrying capacity for the needs of vital organs in the mother and fetus becomes reduced.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Anemia in pregnancy is pregnant women who have Hb<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11.00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g% in the I and trimester III trimesters and Hb<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>levels of 10.50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g% in the II trimester, due to differences in hemodilution, especially the II trimester.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Iron deficiency anemia is the most common anemia during pregnancy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Anemia can occur due to lack of Hb levels in the blood, causing severe complications in the mother during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and can cause abortus, premature, even postpartum bleeding due to uterine atony, shock, and infection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Asia, the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is still relatively high, and the highest rate is Laos with 56.4%, second India at 49.7%, third Iraq at 38.2%, fourth-ranked Saudi Arabia with 32%, fifth South Korea at 22.6% and North Korea at 22.6%. While in Asia, Japan is the country that has the lowest prevalence (14.8%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of anemia in pregnant women ranges from 20% to 89% by setting Hb levels of 11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g% as the basis. According to a 2013 development report, maternal mortality rates in several ASEAN Countries (Association South East Asia Nations) such as Vietnam are 18 per 100,000 live births, Malaysia 55 per 100,000 live births, Filipina 26 per 100,000 live births, and Singapore 3 per 100,000 live births. In ASEAN countries in 2013, the incidence of anemia varied; in Indonesia, it was around 70%, Filipina was around 55%, Thailand 45%, Malaysia 30%, and Singapore 7% suffered from anemia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the National Health Demographic Survey (SDKI) data in 2013, the rate of anemia in pregnant women is 40.1%. This condition shows that anemia is relatively high in Indonesia. If it is estimated that from 2007 to 2013, the prevalence of anemia remains 40%, then there will be 18 thousand maternal deaths per year caused by bleeding after childbirth. The Maternal Mortality Rate (AKI) in Indonesia is very high, 30 per 100,000 live births. The low state of maternal health and nutrition during pregnancy is one of the causes of high maternal mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prevention of anemia in pregnant women can be done by fulfilling nutrients in the body obtained from fruits and vegetables, one of which is by the consumption of dates containing 13.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg of iron (per 100 grams).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Dates are a source of nutrients containing high energy with an ideal composition, containing carbohydrates, tryptophan, omega-3, vitamin C, vitamin B6, Ca2, Zn, and Mg, and very high fiber, in addition to containing potassium, manganese, phosphorus, iron, sulfur, calcium, and magnesium are very good for consumption by mothers during pregnancy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study consists of several stages: determine the purpose of research based on the background of the problem to help determine the type of journal to search. Then, a Journal search was done using the search engines with a predetermined key. Assessment of the study, namely by setting the criteria for inclusion. Review each journal selected for analysis in finding the meaning of research. Combine review results. Set the findings. The journal search in this study uses one of the journal search engines, Scholar, with keywords in the search, namely “dates,” “hemoglobin,” “anemia,” and the journal age range of the last 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years 2015–2020. The inclusion criteria of the journal to be selected and analyzed in this study are:</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inclusion criteria were article consist of treatment is given in the form of giving dates, pregnant women. Exclusion criteria were; research with unclear methods listed in journals, research that intervention schedule of taking drugs.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Search Results can be described as follows:</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="202112201617157511"></elsevierMultimedia></p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Result</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several articles related to this study are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> as follows.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Discussion</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The findings in this study are related to the use of dates to increase hemoglobin levels in the blood in pregnant women. The results of the review literature are presented. All articles explain that the administration of dates increases hemoglobin levels, but one journal says that there is no influence of the increase in hemoglobin that consumes date juice and other journals say there is an influence of increased hemoglobin levels after consuming dates and date extract. The average hemoglobin result before being given dates is mild anemia, but the average hemoglobin increases after giving dates.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research was conducted by Sugita and Kuswati in the working area of Klateng Health Center in August 2019 by providing treatment in the experimental group to consume seven dates per day for 14 days, in the control group; only consume Fe tablets regularly without consuming dates. Statistical test results obtained a value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05 (0.002<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05) to conclude that consuming dates significantly affects the increase in hemoglobin levels in the blood.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research was conducted by Rahayu at the Wedi Health Center in Klaten Regency with the provision of date juice (25 people) in the treatment group and the administration of Multiple Micro Nutrient (MMN) in the control group result. Hemoglobin levels of anemia in pregnant women given MMN on average is 10.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg. Hemoglobin levels of pregnant women with anemia before being given date extract obtained an average of 10.38, and after being given date extract on average 10.84. The study found that consuming date extract was more effective than MMN, with a value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.045 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research was conducted by W. Retno et al. (2019) at Midwife Practice Independent (BPM) Tati, Kusmiran, East Bekasi by intervening by consuming date juice as much as 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml three times a day for ten days. The results showed a significant influence (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value 0.004<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05) administration of date juice on the hemoglobin levels of pregnant women with anemia. Date extract can also be used as a supplement to increase hemoglobin levels.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research was conducted by J. Miftachul, P. Millatin (2018) in all health centers of Pekalongan City. The number of samples taken for this study as many as 30 people divided into two groups, 1 group of pregnant women who consume date juice and 1 group of pregnant women who consume green bean juice. The results showed no increase in Hb in pregnant women after consuming date juice. As for the group of green beans, juice shows an increase in HB levels of pregnant women. Thus, in this case, the consumption of green bean juice is more effective in increasing HB levels in pregnant women than the consumption of dates.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research was conducted by Setiowati, W. (2018) in the Working Area of Batulicin Health Center Batulicin District, Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan Province, by giving date juice to pregnant women. The results showed that there is an influence of date juice extract (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phoenix dactylifera</span>) on the increase in hemoglobin levels in the blood in pregnant women trimester III with a value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05 (0.002<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">).</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research was conducted by Rahmat, R., andWelis, W. (2018) in SMAN 1 Banuhampu Agam Regency with the provision of date palm juice to as many as 20 people to the football team. This study showed that the influence of date juice on the endurance ability of football team players, with the acquisition of test coefficient “t” namely t-count<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15.08>.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research was conducted by Husnah R et al. (2021) in SMPN 3 Lembang and SMAN 8 Pinrang with hemoglobin levels examined at Bungi health center on October 18–November 19, 2020. This study discusses the effect of Sukkari dates and Fe tablets on increasing hemoglobin levels that aims to determine the effectiveness of Sukkari Dates in improving the hemoglobin levels of adolescents who have anemia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research was conducted by Irandegani F et al. (2019) in primary school girl students of Zahedan, Iran. The hemoglobin levels at the beginning and the end of the study were 11.19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.38 and 12.05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g/dL, respectively (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001), the hematocrit levels were 34.24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.41% and 37.17<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.36%, respectively, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001, and the ferritin levels were 47.07<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21.89<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μg/dL and 53.98<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19.77<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μg/dL, respectively, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001. The consumption of date fruit increased hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum ferritin levels in primary school girl students with Iron Deficiency Anemia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research was conducted by Heba EE-DY, Abeer AK. (2015) in Egypt. The result showed that iron from black dates with or without hulls is cheap, safe, and effective in improving hemoglobin levels and restoring iron stores to correct iron deficiency anemia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research was conducted by Akilarooran A, Gayatri Devi R, Jyothipriya A. (2019) in India. People of different age groups were considered, with a sample size of 50 divided into two groups. One group took amla with honey, and the other only dates, and the rise in Hb levels were assessed after a period of 20–25 days. The result showed that eating amla with honey can increase the Hb levels within a short period rather than dates.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dates contain high energy and nutrients with ideal composition, including carbohydrates, tryptophan, omega-3, vitamin C, vitamin B6, Ca2, Zn, and Mg, and contain very high fiber, in addition to containing potassium, manganese, phosphorus, iron, sulfur, calcium is also excellent to be consumed in meeting the nutritional needs in the body.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">People often consume fruit from palm trees because it is rich in nutrients and has great potential as an herbal remedy to cure various diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Some of the sugar content contained in dates consists of glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Although the sugar content in dates is high at 70%, which is 70–73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g per 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g of dry weight, the sugar content has been processed naturally by the fruit itself and is not harmful to the health of the body.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Institute of Medicine in Nutrition during Pregnancy, referred to by Scholl (2011), states that the mother's need increases to about 1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg during pregnancy. Of the 350<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg iron requirement associated with fetal and placental growth, 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg experienced an increase in red cell mass and 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg as blood loss at the time of delivery. The increased need needs to be supported by iron intake in pregnant women, which increases from 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/day in the first trimester to 19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/day in the SECOND trimester and 22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/day in the III trimester of pregnancy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vitamin B12 and folic acid promote the formation of red blood cells. Vitamin B12 will activate folic acid. The active form of folic acid can improve the performance of cell functions such as bone marrow.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusion</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In general, this study concludes that the influence of giving dates and date juice to increase hemoglobin levels of pregnant women, which means consuming dates and date juice routinely, can increase the intake of iron and nutrients that are important for the body. Sari kurma is one type of special drink that is useful for the treatment and maintenance of the health of the body. Containing iron serves to increase hemoglobin levels in the body, especially those needed by pregnant women. Pregnant women who experience complaints and discomfort due to the side effects of blood-added tablets are recommended with the consumption of date palm juice and dates.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1632476" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Result" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1456628" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Result" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2021-06-28" "fechaAceptado" => "2021-07-30" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1456628" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Dates" 1 => "Hemoglobin" 2 => "Anemia" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The purpose of this review is to describe an intervention that utilizes dates as a source of nutrition for pregnant women to increase hemoglobin levels in the blood in anemia incidence. The findings in this study are related to the use of dates to increase hemoglobin levels in the blood in pregnant women.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study uses search databases used in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the initial search for articles are dates and hemoglobin obtained as many as 189 articles. At the time of using the keywords dates, hemoglobin, anemia by obtaining 15 articles and which are used only 10 articles according to the analysis of the purpose, suitability of the topic, the method of research used, sample size, research ethics, the results of each article, as well as limitations that occur.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Result</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Anemia in pregnant women causes hemoglobin (Hb) levels to decrease in the blood; the capacity of oxygen transfer to meet the needs of vital organs in the mother and fetus is reduced<span class="elsevierStyleBold">.</span> All literature reviewed shows that administration of dates increases hemoglobin levels; only one literature shows no influence of consumes date juice on hemoglobin level. The majority of the literature reviewed is mild anemia.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There are effective results in the implementation of health promotion of increased hemoglobin levels in the blood in pregnant women by utilizing dates as a source of nutrition.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Result" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 3rd International Nursing, Health Science Students & Health Care Professionals Conference. Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Research title \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">City \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Method \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Number of Samples \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Result \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sugita and Kuswati, 2020 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Effect of Consumption of Dates On Increased Hemoglobin Levels In Pregnant Women Trimester III \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Klateng \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A quasi-experiment with a nonequivalent control group design pre-test-post test design</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Thirty people, divided into two, 15 people as a control group and 15 people as a treatment group. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The statistical tests obtained a value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05 (0.002<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05) to conclude that consuming dates significantly affects the increase in hemoglobin levels in the blood. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rahayu, RD, 2017 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Effectiveness of The Addition of Date Palm Juice In The Fulfillment of Nutrition Of Pregnant Women Anemia In Puskesmas Wedi, Klaten Regency \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Wedi \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Experimental, quasi-experimental approach, using a pretest-posttest control group design \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50 people will be divided into two groups; equally, 25 people will be made a treatment group (giving sari kurma), and 25 people will be used as a control group (without date palm juice) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Consuming date extract is more effective compared to MMN, with a value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.045 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">W. Retno, K. Rini, P.L. Puput, 2019 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Effect of Date Juice On Increased Hemoglobin Levels of Pregnant Women \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Bekasi \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Intervention studies with one group pretest method – posttest</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 persons \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The presence of a significant influence (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value 0.004<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05) administration of date juice with hemoglobin levels of pregnant women with anemia. Sarikurma can also be used as a supplement to increase hemoglobin levels \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">J. Miftachul, P. Millatin, 2018 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Increased Hb Levels Of Pregnant Women With Date Juice And Green Bean Juice In Pekalongan City \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pekalongan \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Quasi-experiment</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Thirty people were divided into two groups, group of date juice and green bean juice. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Consumption of green bean juice is more effective in increasing HB levels in pregnant women compared to the consumption of dates \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Setiowati, 2018 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Effect of Date Juice (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phoenix dactylifera</span>) On Increased Hemoglobin Levels of Pregnant Women Trimester III \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Tanah Bumbu \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Quasi-experimental with pre and posttest without control.</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 person \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">There is an influence of date juice extract (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">phoenix dactylifera</span>) on the increase in hemoglobin levels in the blood in pregnant women trimester III with a value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value <0.05 (0.002). \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rahmat, R., & Welis, W. (2018). \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The Effect of Sari Kurma On The Durability of Sman 1 Banuhampu Football Team in Agam Regency \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Agam \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Experimental, pretest-posttest design</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 person \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">the influence of date juice on the durability of football team players, with the acquisition of a test coefficient “t” namely t-count<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15.08>. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Husnah R et al. (2021) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Addition Of Sukkari Dates (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phoenix dactylifera</span> L) And Fe Supplements In Increasing Hemoglobin Levels In Young Women With Anemia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pinrang \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A quasi-experimental design with pre and posttest design with control group</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 person \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">There is an effect of Sukkari dates and Fe supplementation on increased hemoglobin levels in anemia young women. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Irandegani F et al. (2019) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The Effect of a Date Consumption-Based Nutritional Program on Iron Deficiency Anemia in Primary School Girls Aged 8 to 10 Years Old in Zahedan (Iran) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Iran \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Semi-experimental study</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31 person \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">The consumption of date fruit increased hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum ferritin levels in primary school girl students with Iron Deficiency Anemia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Heba EE-DY, Abeer AK. (2015) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Effect of Black Dates on Iron Deficiency Anemia of Orphanage Children \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Egypt \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Semi-experimental study</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Forty male children (9-11years) <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">with 4</span> equal groups. The first group was non-anemic group (negative control group), the second, third and fourth groups were anemic groups \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Iron from black dates with or without hulls is cheap, safe, and effective in improving hemoglobin levels and restoring iron stores to correct iron deficiency anemia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Akilarooran A, Gayatri Devi R, Jyothipriya A. (2019) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Comparative study on hemoglobin levels on amla with honey and dates \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">India \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Experimental, pretest-posttest design</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50 person different age with 2 groups. 25 people took amla with honey and 25 people took amla with dates \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Amla with honey can increase the Hb levels within a short period rather than dates \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2781750.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow diagram literature.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202112201617157511" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1563 "Ancho" => 2175 "Tamanyo" => 119006 ] ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:22 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. 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Achukwu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Biol Med Res" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "1720" "paginaFinal" => "1723" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/02139111/00000035000000S2/v1_202112201615/S0213911121002211/v1_202112201615/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02139111/00000035000000S2/v1_202112201615/S0213911121002211/v1_202112201615/en/main.pdf?idApp=WGSE&text.app=https://gacetasanitaria.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911121002211?idApp=WGSE" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 October | 95 | 65 | 160 |
| 2024 September | 118 | 80 | 198 |
| 2024 August | 97 | 91 | 188 |
| 2024 July | 69 | 36 | 105 |
| 2024 June | 62 | 30 | 92 |
| 2024 May | 77 | 61 | 138 |
| 2024 April | 59 | 53 | 112 |
| 2024 March | 63 | 42 | 105 |
| 2024 February | 47 | 46 | 93 |
| 2024 January | 55 | 72 | 127 |
| 2023 December | 51 | 59 | 110 |
| 2023 November | 72 | 40 | 112 |
| 2023 October | 66 | 50 | 116 |
| 2023 September | 50 | 44 | 94 |
| 2023 August | 52 | 20 | 72 |
| 2023 July | 65 | 715 | 780 |
| 2023 June | 50 | 18 | 68 |
| 2023 May | 64 | 29 | 93 |
| 2023 April | 77 | 43 | 120 |
| 2023 March | 60 | 57 | 117 |
| 2023 February | 36 | 46 | 82 |
| 2023 January | 45 | 43 | 88 |
| 2022 December | 80 | 49 | 129 |
| 2022 November | 57 | 67 | 124 |
| 2022 October | 56 | 62 | 118 |
| 2022 September | 38 | 63 | 101 |
| 2022 August | 39 | 69 | 108 |
| 2022 July | 53 | 65 | 118 |
| 2022 June | 49 | 73 | 122 |
| 2022 May | 44 | 53 | 97 |
| 2022 April | 42 | 79 | 121 |
| 2022 March | 52 | 60 | 112 |
| 2022 February | 59 | 66 | 125 |
| 2022 January | 52 | 86 | 138 |
| 2021 December | 13 | 10 | 23 |
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