Journal Information
Vol. 17. Issue 2.
Pages 97-107 (March - April 2003)
Vol. 17. Issue 2.
Pages 97-107 (March - April 2003)
Open Access
El dolor de espalda en la población catalana. Prevalencia, características y conducta terapéutica
Back pain in the general population of Catalonia (Spain). Prevalence, characteristics and therapeutic behavior
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6418
A. Bassolsa, F. Boscha, M. Campillob, J.E. Bañosa,
Corresponding author
jbanos@imim.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J.E. Baños. Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Dr. Aiguader, 80. 08003 Barcelona. España
a Departamento de Farmacología, Terapéutica y Toxicología. Facultad de Medicina. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Bellaterra (Barcelona)
b Laboratorio de Medicina Computacional. Unidad de Bioestadística. Facultad de Medicina. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Bellaterra (Barcelona). España
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Article information
Resumen
Objetivo

El dolor de espalda es un motivo frecuente de asistencia sanitaria en los países occidentales. El presente estudio se dirigió a establecer la prevalencia del dolor de espalda en la población adulta de Cataluña, así como sus características, su vinculación a las variables sociodemográficas, la conducta terapéutica seguida y las consecuencias para quienes lo sufren.

Métodos

Estudio descriptivo realizado en 1994 a partir de una muestra de 1.964 personas, representativa de la población mayor de 18 años y obtenida a partir del censo de 1991. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante una entrevista telefónica. Se determinó la prevalencia de dolor en general durante los últimos 6 meses. En aquellos entrevistados que refirieron haber sufrido dolor de espalda, se analizaron sus características, se investigó su relación con las variables sociodemográficas, y se determinaron las conductas terapéuticas empleadas para aliviarlo y las consecuencias personales, sociales y laborales.

Resultados

El dolor de espalda presentó una elevada prevalencia (50,9%), apareció en todas las edades (media [DE], 47,6 [17] años), predominó en mujeres (60,7%), en trabajadores manuales (54,9%) y en personas con menos años de escolarización (71,1%). Era de larga evolución (el 69,2%, más de 3 años), frecuente (el 49,7%, más de la mitad de días), de duración variable (el 27,3%, más de 1 semana) e intensidad elevada (el 51,4%, intenso-insoportable). Las opciones terapéuticas más empleadas fueron la consulta médica (71,9%), terapias no convencionales (24,7%), fisioterapia (el 22,7%, sobre todo ejercicios físicos y electroterapia) y automedicación (14,6%). En general, la duración y el grado de alivio obtenido con los diversos tratamientos fue variable. El dolor de espalda limitó la actividad habitual (36,7%), obligó a guardar cama (22,7%), generó baja laboral (17%) y fue motivo de invalidez profesional (6,5%).

Conclusiones

El dolor de espalda constituye una situación clínica de elevada frecuencia en la población catalana y un motivo muy importante de utilización de atención médica y de limitación de la actividad personal y profesional.

Palabras clave:
Dolor de espalda
Epidemiología
Discapacidad por dolor
Tratamiento analgésico
Abstract
Background

Back pain is a common symptom of health assistance in Western countries. The goal of the present survey was to establish the prevalence of back pain in the general population in Catalonia, as well as to establish its characteristics, its relationship to sociodemographic variables, the therapeutic behavior followed by those affected and the associated-impairment and disabilities for the sufferers.

Methods

The survey was a descriptive study including a sample of 1,964 people, obtained from the census (1991) and representative of the population older than 18 years. The study was done in 1994 and data were obtained by means of a telephone interview. The prevalence of pain in the last six months was determined. Among those suffering back pain, additional information was obtained concerning its characteristics, the relationship with socio-demographic variables, the therapeutic behaviors used by patients, and the personal, social and work impairment and disabilities.

Results

Back pain was highly prevalent (50.9%), appeared in all ages (mean age of 47.6 years), was the highest in women (60.7%), in manual workers (54.9%) and in those less educated (71.1%). Back pain was long lasting (69.2% more than 3 years), frequent (49.7% more than the half of the days), and highly painful (severe-unbearable in 51.4%). The therapeutic behaviors most commonly used were the visit to the physician (71.9%), the use of alternative medical treatments (24.7%), physical therapy (22.7%, physical exercises and electrotherapy) and self-medication (14.6%, being acetylsalicylic acid the most employed). In general, the duration and degree of improvement was variable. Back pain limited the daily activities (36.7%) and forced to bed rest (22.7%). It was also a significant reason for time off work (17%) and disability pension (6.5%).

Conclusions

Back pain has a very high prevalence in the Catalonian population and is an important reason to seek medical attention. It greatly limits the daily personal and professional activities.

Key words:
Back pain
Epidemiology
Pain-associated disabilities
Analgesic treatment
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