Diseños evaluativos en salud pública: Aspectos metodológicos

López, Mª José; Olmo, Marc Marí-Dell’; Pérez-Giménez, Anna; Nebot, Manel

doi:10.1016/S0213-9111(11)70003-6

Article information

Resumen

La evaluación de las intervenciones de salud pública, en la cual rara vez es posible la aleatorización de individuos y habitualmente intervienen múltiples factores, implica numerosos retos metodológicos. Para afrontarlos hay que tener en cuenta determinados aspectos, como la elección de un diseño evaluativo apropiado y la realización de un análisis estadístico que considere los posibles confusores. El objetivo de este artículo es describir los diseños más frecuentes en la evaluación de intervenciones (políticas, programas o campañas) de salud pública, enumerando sus características, analizando sus principales ventajas y limitaciones, y haciendo una breve descripción del análisis estadístico más utilizado en cada uno de ellos.

Palabras clave:

Evaluación

Salud pública

Diseños evaluativos

Abstract

Evaluation of public health interventions poses numerous methodological challenges. Randomization of individuals is not always feasible and interventions are usually composed of multiple factors. To face these challenges, certain elements, such as the selection of the most appropriate design and the use of a statistical analysis that includes potential confounders, are essential. The objective of this article was to describe the most frequently used designs in the evaluation of public health interventions (policies, programs or campaigns). The characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of each of these evaluative designs are described. Additionally, a brief explanation of the most commonly used statistical analysis in each of these designs is provided.

Keywords:

Evaluation

Public health

Evaluative designs

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