Journal Information
Vol. 9. Issue 51.
Pages 371-379 (November - December 1995)
Vol. 9. Issue 51.
Pages 371-379 (November - December 1995)
Open Access
Causalidad en salud laboral: el caso ardystil
Causality in Occupational Health: the Ardystil Case
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Ana M. García García1,*, Fernando García Benavides2
1 Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. E.U. de Relacions Laborals. Universidad de Valencia
2 E.U. de Relacions Laborals. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona
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Resumen

El establecimiento de relaciones causa-efecto ha sido y sigue siendo objeto de debate en epidemiología. La naturaleza observacional de la investigación epidemiológica dificulta el reconocimiento de estas relaciones. En este contexto, se han propuesto diferentes modelos para explicar las relaciones causales en los procesos de salud y enfermedad, desde el modelo determinista puro defendido por los postulados de Koch, que requiere la aceptación de relaciones unicausales, pasando por otras explicaciones que asumen la naturaleza multicausal de los problemas de salud en la población. En Salud Laboral se debe disponer también de modelos explicativos y criterios consensuados para valorar las relaciones causales, y en este caso dicha valoración va a tener frecuentemente repercusiones sociales, económicas y jurídicas de importancia. En este trabajo se reflexiona acerca de la valoración de las relaciones causa-efecto y se ilustra dicha valoración con un problema reciente de Salud Laboral: el caso Ardystil.

Palabras clave:
Causalidad
Investigación etiológica
Salud laboral
Summary

Establishing causal relationships has been and is today a matter of debate in epidemiology. The observational nature of epidemiological research rends difficult the proving of these relationships. Related to this, different models and causal criteria have been proposed in order to explain health and disease determinants,from pure determinism in Koch postulates, accepting unicausal explanation for diseases, to more realistic multicausal models. In occupational health it is necessary to formulate causal models and criteria to assess causality, and frequently causal assessment in this field has important social, economic and juridical relevance. This paper deal with evaluation of causal relationships in epidemiology and this evaluation is illustrated with a recent example of an occupational health problem in our milieu: the Ardystil case.

Key words:
Causality
Etiological research
Occupational health
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Copyright © 1995. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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