Journal Information
Vol. 17. Issue 3.
Pages 226-230 (May - June 2003)
Vol. 17. Issue 3.
Pages 226-230 (May - June 2003)
Open Access
Cáncer de pulmón y tabaco en Asturias. Un estudio de casos y controles
Lung cancer and smoking in Asturias, Spain. A case-control study
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M. Caicoyaa,
Corresponding author
mcaicoya@hmn.es

Correspondencia: Dr. M. Caicoya. Servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales. Hospital Monte Naranco. Avda. Doctores Fernández Vega 107. 33012 Oviedo. España
, J.A. Mirónb
a Servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales. Hospital Monte Naranco. Oviedo
b Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Salamanca. Salamanca. España
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Resumen
Objetivo

Examinar la relación entre el consumo de tabaco y cáncer de pulmón en Asturias.

Material y métodos

Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles de base hospitalaria. Los casos fueron pacientes con diagnóstico nuevo de cáncer de pulmón (casos incidentes) y los controles procedían de los servicios quirúrgicos. La información obtenida incluyó el consumo de tabaco, las exposiciones ocupacionales y las variables demográficas.

Resultados

Se incluyeron en el análisis 197 casos y 196 controles. La odds ratio (OR) ajustada de cáncer de pulmón fue de 5,77 (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 2,96-11,22) para el consumo de cigarrillos. El riesgo aumentaba con la cantidad de cigarrillos fumados por día, el número de paquetes/ día, la edad de inicio del hábito, y disminuía con el número de años desde el abandono.

Conclusiones

La relación entre el tabaco y el cáncer de pulmón en Asturias es similar a la encontrada en otros estudios llevados a cabo en el mundo occidental. La magnitud de la asociación puede explicar la frecuencia de cáncer de pulmón en Asturias.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de pulmón
Estudio de casos y controles
Tabaco
Edad
Dosis-respuesta
Efecto del abandono del tabaco
Abstract
Objective

Lung cancer in Asturias is 1.4-fold greater than the Spanish average, while the proportion of smokers is similar. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between lung cancer and smoking in Asturias.

Material and methods

We performed a hospital-based, incident case control study. The cases were newly diagnosed lung cancer patients and controls were patients from the surgical wards. Information was sought on smoking, occupational exposures, and demographic variables. The analysis was performed by means of odds ratios (OR).

Results

One hundred ninety-seven cases and 196 controls were included in the analysis. The adjusted OR of cigarette smoking was 5.77 (95% CI, 2.96-11.22). The risk increased with the number of cigarettes smoked per day (χ2 = 56.3), the number of packs/year (χ2 = 48.4), and the age at which smoking started (χ2 = 76.5). The OR diminished with the number of years of cessation (χ2 = 39.9).

Conclusions

The relationship between smoking and lung cancer in Asturias is similar to that found in other studies carried out in other parts of the western world. The magnitude of the OR may explain the frequency of lung cancer in Asturias. Greater efforts should be devoted to controlling this problem.

Key words:
Lung cancer
Case-control
Smoking
Age
Doseresponse
Effect of smoking cessation
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