Cáncer de pulmón y tabaco en Asturias. Un estudio de casos y controles

Caicoya, M.; Mirón, J.A.

doi:10.1016/S0213-9111(03)71732-4

Gaceta Sanitaria

ISSN: 0213-9111

Gaceta Sanitaria (¿¿¿¿) is the official scientific journal of the Sociedad Española de Salud Publica y Administración Sanitaria (Spanish Society of Public Health and Health Administration) (SESPAS).

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Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles de base hospitalaria. Los casos fueron pacientes con diagnóstico nuevo de cáncer de pulmón (casos incidentes) y los controles procedían de los servicios quirúrgicos. La información obtenida incluyó el consumo de tabaco, las exposiciones ocupacionales y las variables demográficas.

Resultados

Se incluyeron en el análisis 197 casos y 196 controles. La odds ratio (OR) ajustada de cáncer de pulmón fue de 5,77 (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 2,96-11,22) para el consumo de cigarrillos. El riesgo aumentaba con la cantidad de cigarrillos fumados por día, el número de paquetes/ día, la edad de inicio del hábito, y disminuía con el número de años desde el abandono.

Conclusiones

La relación entre el tabaco y el cáncer de pulmón en Asturias es similar a la encontrada en otros estudios llevados a cabo en el mundo occidental. La magnitud de la asociación puede explicar la frecuencia de cáncer de pulmón en Asturias.

Palabras clave:

Cáncer de pulmón

Estudio de casos y controles

Tabaco

Edad

Dosis-respuesta

Efecto del abandono del tabaco

Abstract

Objective

Lung cancer in Asturias is 1.4-fold greater than the Spanish average, while the proportion of smokers is similar. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between lung cancer and smoking in Asturias.

Material and methods

We performed a hospital-based, incident case control study. The cases were newly diagnosed lung cancer patients and controls were patients from the surgical wards. Information was sought on smoking, occupational exposures, and demographic variables. The analysis was performed by means of odds ratios (OR).

Results

One hundred ninety-seven cases and 196 controls were included in the analysis. The adjusted OR of cigarette smoking was 5.77 (95% CI, 2.96-11.22). The risk increased with the number of cigarettes smoked per day (χ2 = 56.3), the number of packs/year (χ2 = 48.4), and the age at which smoking started (χ2 = 76.5). The OR diminished with the number of years of cessation (χ2 = 39.9).

Conclusions

The relationship between smoking and lung cancer in Asturias is similar to that found in other studies carried out in other parts of the western world. The magnitude of the OR may explain the frequency of lung cancer in Asturias. Greater efforts should be devoted to controlling this problem.

Key words:

Lung cancer

Case-control

Smoking

Age

Doseresponse

Effect of smoking cessation

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