Journal Information
Vol. 10. Issue 55.
Pages 174-182 (July - August 1996)
Vol. 10. Issue 55.
Pages 174-182 (July - August 1996)
Open Access
Apoyo Social y Estado de Salud Percibido en Población no Institucionalizada de Más de 60 años
Social Support And Perceived Health In Non-institutionalized Population aged 60 And Over
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J. Ferrando*, M. Nebot, C. Borrell, L. Egea
Institut Municipal de la Salut (IMS) Barcelona
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Resumen
Objetivos

Describir el grado de apoyo social en una muestra de la población no institucionalizada de más de 60 años de Barcelona, y analizar las relaciones entre el apoyo social y la salud percibida.

Métodos

Se analizan los datos de la Encuesta de Salud de Barcelona de 1992. Junto a las variables sociodemográficas y el estado de salud percibido, se analizan diversas medidas de apoyo social, basadas principalmente en la existencia y número de personas disponibles en el entorno en caso de necesidad para apoyo instrumental y emocional, y en la necesidad percibida de ayuda para el cuidado personal y las necesidades cotidianas.

Resultados

En el período de estudio se entrevistaron en el domicilio del encuestado 1.156 personas de edad igual o superior a 60 años. Un 20% de los encuestados (28,9% entre las mujeres) declararon vivir solos, mientras que un 28,2% (41,7% entre las mujeres) eran viudos. El 43% de las personas declaraban disponer de un apoyo social extenso, y un 51% manifestaban disponer de un apoyo emocional suficiente en el entorno inmediato. Los hombres con menor apoyo emocional presentaron una peor percepción del estado de salud (OR= 2,7, IC 95%=1,3-5,5). Entre las mujeres, únicamente la necesidad de ayuda para las tareas de la vida cotidiana se asoció a un peor estado de salud percibido (OR=6,3, IC 95%=3,2-12,4)

Conclusiones

A pesar de que las mujeres de más de 60 años viven solas en una proporción muy superior, la disponibilidad de apoyo instrumental o emocional no se asocia a la salud percibida. En los hombres de ese grupo de edad únicamente la falta de apoyo emocional se asocia a un peor estado de salud percibido.

Summary
Objectives

The purpose of this study is to describe the degree of social support in a sample of noninstitutionalized population aged 60 and over and to explore possible relations between social support and perceived health.

Methods

We analyse data coming from Barcelona 1992 Health Survey. Sociodemographic and perceived health variables are analysed together with several social support variables based on the presence and number of available people for instrumental and emotional support necessity and perceived aid need for personal care and daily needs.

Results

In the study period, 1156 subjects aged 60 and over were interviewed at home. 20% of the sample (28.9% were women) lived alone and 28.2% (41.7% were women) were widowed. 43% had an extensive social support and 51% had a good emotional support. The men with less emotional support had a worse perceived health (OR=2.7, IC 95%= 1.3-5.5). Only aid need for daily works in women was associated with worse perceived health (OR=6.3, IC 95%=3.2-12.4).

Conclusions

Instrumental and emotional support availability weren't associated with perceived health in women in spite of they lived alone in a greatest proportion. In men, only emotional support absence was associated with worse perceived health.

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Copyright © 1996. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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