Elsevier

Health & Place

Volume 71, September 2021, 102642
Health & Place

Socioeconomic patterns and COVID-19 outcomes before, during and after the lockdown in Italy (2020)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102642Get rights and content
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open access

Highlights

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    The association between incidence of COVID-19 and area-level deprivation in Italy varied throughout the epidemic periods.

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    Incidence and deprivation were positively associated during lockdown and post-lockdown, but not during pre-lockdown.

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    This study did not find an association between area-level deprivation and risk from hospitalisation or death from COVID-19.

Abstract

The objective was to investigate the association between deprivation and COVID-19 outcomes in Italy during pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown periods using a retrospective cohort study with 38,534,169 citizens and 222,875 COVID-19 cases. Multilevel negative binomial regression models, adjusting for age, sex, population-density and region of residence were conducted to evaluate the association between area-level deprivation and COVID-19 incidence, case-hospitalisation rate and case-fatality. During lockdown and post-lockdown, but not during pre-lockdown, higher incidence of cases was observed in the most deprived municipalities compared with the least deprived ones. No differences in case-hospitalisation and case-fatality according to deprivation were observed in any period under study.

Keywords

COVID-19
HEALTH Inequalities
Deprivation
SOCIAL Epidemiology

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