Journal Information
Vol. 12. Issue 2.
Pages 76-84 (March - April 1998)
Vol. 12. Issue 2.
Pages 76-84 (March - April 1998)
Open Access
Evaluación de la práctica clínica en cirugía de cataratas: resultados de una encuesta a oftalmólogos de la provincia de Barcelona
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M. Espallargues1, X. Castells2, M. Castilla3, J. Alonso1,**, los investigadores del I-PORT de Barcelona *
1 Unitat de Recerca en Serveis Sanitaris, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona
2 Servei d'Estudis de l'Institut Municipal d'Assistència Sanitària (IMAS)
3 Servei d'Oftalmologia, Hospital de l'Esperança de Barcelona
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Resumen
Objetivo

Estudios previos en otros países han evidenciado la existencia de variaciones en diversos aspectos de la práctica en cirugía de cataratas, lo que puede conllevar implicaciones clínicas y económicas. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir las variaciones en la práctica pre-, intra- y post-operatoria de la cirugíacute;a de cataratas, e identificar las características de los oftalmólogos asociadas a las mismas.

Métodos

Encuesta postal de una muestra representativa de los médicos registrados como oftalmólogos de la provincia de Barcelona. El cuestionario incluía preguntas sobre la práctica pre-, intray post-operatoria habitual en pacientes sin otra comorbilidad, asi como características socio-demográficas y profesionales.

Resultados

De los oftalmólogos que respondieron (N=114, tasa de respuesta del 70%), 89 (78%) manifestaron haber realizado cirugía de cataratas durante 1993, con una media de extracciones de cataratas no combinadas de 140. Más del 90% manifest´ realizar «siempre o frecuentemente» examen del fondo de ojo, ecografía de tipo A con biometría y refracción de forma preoperatoria. Más del 80% realizaba habitualmente un total de siete pruebas médicas generales y un 75% consultó «siempre o frecuentemente» a otros especialistas en pacientes sin problemas médicos. En promedio, realizaban un 14% de las intervenciones de forma ambulatoria, la extracción extracapsular estándar la utilizaban en un 92% de las intervenciones y la anestesia loco-regional en el 76% de los casos. La media de visitas oftalmológicas de seguimiento por paciente declaradas fue de seis. La edad se asoció a una práctica tanto preoperatoria (p ≤ 0,05) como postoperatoria más intensa (p ≤ 0,05).

Conclusiones

Existe una alta utilización de pruebas preoperatorias médicas así como importantes variaciones en la utilización de pruebas oftalmológicas. También se han evidenciado prácticas operatorias distintas a las de otros países (como el volumen de cirugía ambulatoria, o la tecnica anestésica). Esto pone de manifiesto la necesidad de disminuir aquellas prácticas o técnicas que no son coste-efectivas en el manejo del paciente de cataratas. Con ello se reducirían también las variaciones y aumentaría la adecuación de la práctica médica.

Palabras clave:
Cataratas
Variaciones en la práctica médica
Pruebas preoperatorias
Encuesta postal
Summary
Objective

Previous studies in other countries have made clear the existence of variations in cataract surgery practice, which may have clinical and economic implications. The aim of the study was to describe variation in pre-, intra-and postoperative practice of cataract surgery and to assess the ophthalmologists's characteristics that are associated with practice variation in the province of Barcelona.

Methods

Mail survey of a representative sample of physicians registered as ophthalmologists in the province of Barcelona (N=114, response rate of 70%). The questionnaire included questions about usual preoperative practice, intraoperative practice and postoperative practice in cataract surgery patients with no ocular comorbidity, as well as sociodemographic and professional data.

Results

Of the respondent ophthalmologists (N=114, response rate of 70%), 89 (78%) reported performing cataract surgery in 1993, with an average of 140 cataract extractions. More than 90% of the ophthalmologists reported performing «always or frequently» fundus exam, A-scan plus refraction in the preoperative evaluation. More than 80% routinely included 7 general medical tests and 75% «always or frequently» performed a consultation to a specialist in patients with no other medical problems. 14% of cataract operations were done as ambulatory or day case surgery. Extracapsular extraction was used in 92% of the interventions. Loco-regional anesthesia was used in 76% of cases. The mean number of reported follow-up visits per patient was 6. Ophthalmologist's age was associated with a more intensive preoperative and postoperative practice (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

There is considerable utilization of preoperative medical tests as well as important variation in ophthalmologist's use of ophthalmic tests. Also, different operative practices compared to other countries (such as the rate of ambulatory surgery, or the anesthesic technique) has been observed. These results highlight the need to diminish those practices or techniques which are not cost-effective for the management of cataract patients. In this way, variations will also be reduced and appropriateness of medical practice will increase.

Key words:
Cataract
Medical practice variations
Preoperative testing
Postal survey
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Además de los investigadores: J.M. Antó, J. Castaño, A. Granados, P. Ibern, J. Marrugat, M. Quintana, C. Ribó, M. Sáez y R. Santed

Copyright © 1998. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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